Busiest Cargo Airports in the World by Air Traffic Operations

In the fast-paced world of global logistics, the busiest cargo airports in the world play a critical role as key hubs for air cargo operations. Among them, a select few stand out for their immense handling capacities, advanced infrastructure, baggage handling operations, and stringent regulatory frameworks. Let’s delve into the busiest airports worldwide by air cargo traffic operations, highlighting their facilities, operational statistics, and regulatory environments that ensure seamless logistics for businesses across the globe.

 

Airport	Yearly Average Cargo (Tonnes)	Avg Daily Aircraft Movements	Key Unique Regulations	Cargo Times
HKG (VHHH)	~7 million	~1,100	– Strict CITES enforcement for endangered species – DG requires 24-hour pre-approval	24/7 operations; DG restricted to specific hours
MEM (KMEM)	~4.7 million	~250 (mostly cargo)	– DG must comply with FAA/TSA rules – 6-hour pre-notice for DG	24/7, but peak cargo activity 22:00–04:00
PVG (ZSPD)	~3.7 million	~900	– Pre-approval for lithium batteries (CAAC) – Mandatory e-customs declaration (China)	24/7, but perishables require advance slot booking
ICN (RKSI)	~3.2 million	~900	– Security Control Document required – 4-hour pre-notice for all cargo via PAPS system	24/7 customs; DG clearance requires prior coordination
DOH (OTHH)	~2.2 million	~700	– Banned items: pork, alcohol, religious materials – QCAA DG approval 48 hours pre-flight	24/7, but perishables/DG require 24–48h pre-coordination

1. Cargo Handling at Hong Kong International Airport (IATA: HKG, ICAO: VHHH)

Hong Kong International Airport (HKG, known as HKIA) stands as a premier global air cargo hub, boasting extensive and advanced facilities to manage its substantial cargo operations. With a total annual cargo handling capacity exceeding 7 million tonnes, HKIA is equipped to meet the demands of high-volume logistics. The airport features multiple state-of-the-art cargo terminals, which include automated handling systems, RFID truck control systems, and specialized facilities for handling temperature-sensitive goods in cold chain centers, secure strong rooms, and dangerous goods rooms. Furthermore, HKIA supports its robust cargo operations with 55 dedicated parking stands for cargo aircraft. To address specific cargo needs, the airport also includes specialized facilities for pharmaceuticals, perishables, live animals, and lithium batteries, ensuring the safe and efficient handling of a diverse range of goods.

 

• In 2022, Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) handled a substantial 4.2 million tonnes of cargo. This figure saw an increase in 2023, with cargo throughput rising to 4.33 million tonnes. As of the latest data in 2024, HKIA continues to uphold its position as the world’s busiest cargo airport, demonstrating its critical role in global logistics and supply chains.

Important Regulations at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA)

These regulations are tailored to the specific operational environment and requirements of Hong Kong International Airport, ensuring the safe, secure, and efficient handling of cargo:

 

HKIA enforces a unique Regulated Agent Regime (RAR), requiring all cargo to be managed by approved agents following strict security protocols set by the Civil Aviation Department. The Air Cargo Clearance System (ACCS), an electronic platform, integrates with customs to streamline cargo processing. Special handling procedures are in place for temperature-sensitive goods, pharmaceuticals, perishables, and live animals, supported by appropriate facilities and care standards. Specific rules also apply to the transport of lithium batteries, including packaging and documentation requirements.

Operators of non-scheduled flights must obtain prior approval to ensure they do not interfere with regular services. Additionally, HKIA maintains high security standards through advanced screening technologies for all cargo, including liquids, aerosols, and gels (LAGs). These regulations collectively ensure safe, secure, and efficient cargo operations tailored to the airport’s unique environment.

2. Cargo Services at Memphis International Airport (IATA: MEM, ICAO: KMEM)

Memphis International Airport (MEM) is a major cargo hub with extensive facilities. As the busiest cargo airport in North America and the second busiest in the world, MEM dedicates a significant portion of its operations to cargo handling. The airport features multiple cargo terminals equipped with advanced handling systems, including automated sorting and storage facilities. MEM handles over 4.7 million tonnes of cargo annually, with its primary cargo facility encompassing over 3 million square feet of space. Advanced automated sorting systems at MEM are capable of processing up to 500,000 packages per hour. Additionally, there are 175 parking stands dedicated to cargo aircraft.

 

• In 2022, Memphis International Airport (MEM) handled approximately 4.7 million tonnes of cargo, solidifying its position as a pivotal cargo hub. By 2023, the airport maintained its prominence, with a throughput of around 8.56 billion pounds (approximately 3.88 million tonnes), reaffirming its status as the busiest cargo airport in North America.

Cargo Regulations at Memphis International Airport At Memphis International Airport (MEM)

MEM operates under the Memphis-Shelby County Airport Authority (MSCAA), enforcing a specialized Cargo Security Program that includes advanced screening technologies like EDS (Explosive Detection System) and ETD (Explosive Trace Detection), restricted access zones, and continuous monitoring. The Air Cargo Clearance System (ACCS), integrated with U.S. Customs systems, enables real-time data exchange and pre-arrival processing for faster clearance. Temperature-sensitive cargo and live animals are handled under strict protocols, with climate-controlled storage, monitoring systems, and dedicated transport facilities to maintain integrity and welfare.

 

MEM also enforces strict lithium battery regulations, requiring fire-resistant containers, detailed documentation, and special handling procedures. Non-scheduled flights must receive Memphis-Shelby County Airport Authority (MSCAA) approval, with considerations for demand, safety, and scheduling impact. The airport uses advanced security technologies such as X-ray machines, CT scanners, canine units, and tamper-evident supply chain measures to ensure safe and efficient cargo operations from origin to destination.

3. Cargo Logistics at Shanghai Pudong International Airport (IATA: PVG, ICAO: ZSPD)

Cargo capacities and facilities at Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG) position it among the world’s foremost cargo hubs. With a robust annual cargo handling capacity exceeding 6 million tonnes, PVG boasts extensive infrastructure. Its primary cargo terminal spans more than 1.2 million square meters, supported by state-of-the-art automated sorting systems capable of processing up to 300,000 packages per hour. The airport has 70 dedicated parking stands for cargo aircraft. Specialized facilities include over 100,000 square meters of temperature-controlled storage for pharmaceuticals and perishables, designated areas for hazardous materials, and specialized care protocols and holding areas for live animals. PVG’s comprehensive capabilities underscore its pivotal role in global cargo logistics.

 

• In 2022, PVG handled approximately 3.12 million tonnes of cargo, underscoring its substantial operational scale. The following year, 2023, saw a notable increase with cargo throughput reaching around 3.4 million tonnes, reflecting ongoing expansion.

Regulations for Flight Operators At Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG)

All scheduled and non-scheduled operators at PVG must follow international standards, including the IATA Ground Operations Manual (IGOM) and, for non-scheduled flights, the International Standard for Business Aircraft Operations (IS-BAO) and ISAGO audit requirements. Comprehensive security measures—such as mandatory screenings and detailed documentation checks—are enforced across all cargo operations. For dangerous goods and temperature-sensitive shipments, strict adherence to IATA’s DGR, PCR, and TCR ensures safe and compliant handling.

 

Customs regulations require that all import cargo be cleared at PVG, with no customs transfer allowed from other airports. Cargo operators must submit complete documentation, including manifests and declarations, prior to arrival. For non-scheduled services, FAA guidelines and eCFR rules govern operational procedures, particularly in cargo loading and safety. These measures collectively ensure PVG maintains high standards for security, compliance, and cargo integrity.

4. Cargo Management at Incheon International Airport (IATA: ICN, ICAO: RKSI)

Incheon International Airport (ICN) is South Korea’s primary international gateway and one of the busiest airports globally, known for its top-tier cargo operations. In 2024, it handled 2.95 million tonnes of cargo, showing a slight decrease from the 3.6 million tonnes in 2023. This represents a drop of 17.9%, reflecting potential challenges such as global economic factors and changing demand in air freight.

 

In recent years, cargo throughput fluctuated, with 2020 recording 2.82 million tonnes, rising by 17.8% to 3.33 million tonnes in 2021. However, 2022 saw a slight dip to 2.95 million tonnes before the 2023 surge, which likely resulted from global supply chain recovery and increased international trade.

 

The airport’s cargo operations are supported by its impressive terminal structure. ICN has a total of 111 boarding gates, distributed across Terminal 1 with 44 gates, Concourse A with 30 gates, and Terminal 2 with 37 gates. This capacity is essential for handling the large volume of international freight. The airport’s strategic position as a transit hub has contributed to its cargo performance, despite challenges. Incheon remains a vital hub in Asia-Pacific, with Skytrax rankings solidifying its reputation as one of the world’s best airports. Recognized for cleanliness, security, and top-tier service, Incheon continues to provide exceptional cargo services, facilitating trade and global connectivity.

Incheon International Airport (ICN/RKSI) Cargo Regulations for Flight Operators

Cargo manifests must be submitted at least 4 hours before arrival via Korea Customs Service’s Pre-Arrival Processing System (PAPS). Customs clearance operates 24/7, though off-hours services may incur extra charges. Dangerous goods (DG) require a DG declaration submitted 24 hours in advance. All cargo must be screened according to ICAO/IATA standards and include a Security Control Document. Strict regulations apply to items like lithium batteries, live animals, and pharmaceuticals—permits may be required.

 

DG must follow IATA and Korean MOLE guidelines; incorrect labeling or documentation can lead to penalties or seizure. Unclaimed cargo is stored for up to 7 days, with fees starting after 24 hours. Required documents include an Air Waybill (a legal document that acts as a contract between the shipper and the airline), Commercial Invoice (with value, weight, HS code), relevant licenses, and certificates for agricultural or animal products. Non-compliance may result in fines, delays, or blacklisting. Operators should confirm all paperwork prior to departure.

5. Cargo Operations & Handling Hamad International Airport (IATA: DOH, ICAO: OTHH)

Hamad International Airport (DOH) is the primary international gateway to Qatar. Located east of the capital, Doha, it has rapidly grown into one of the busiest airports in the Middle East. In 2024, the airport witnessed a 12% increase in cargo, handling 2.6 million metric tonnes, underscoring its growing role in global freight transportation. Passenger movements also rose by 15%, totaling 52.7 million, while aircraft movements increased by 10%, reaching 279,000.

 

Since its opening, Hamad International has steadily increased its traffic. In 2016, the airport ranked as the 50th busiest globally by passenger traffic, with 37.3 million passengers, marking a 20.2% rise from 2015. By 2019, it saw a 12.4% increase, welcoming more than 38.8 million passengers.

 

The airport’s infrastructure includes Terminal 1, featuring multiple concourses. Concourse A has 10 gates, including two for the Airbus A380. Concourse B has another 10 gates, while Concourse C, with 24 gates and 44 remote gates, is key to the airport’s expansion. In March 2025, Concourses D and E will open, with plans for Concourse F in development. These expansions solidify Hamad International’s position as a hub for international aviation and cargo.

Cargo Handling Regulations for Flight Operators at Hamad International Airport (DOH)

Cargo manifests and pre-alert documents must be submitted at least 6 hours prior to arrival through approved ground handling channels. While customs clearance operates 24/7, specialized cargo such as dangerous goods (DG) or perishables requires prior coordination—preferably 24 to 48 hours in advance. DG shipments specifically need pre-approval from the relevant aviation authority 48 hours before flight operations.

 

All cargo must undergo security screening under ICAO/IATA standards, accompanied by a Shipper’s Security Declaration. Strict restrictions apply to items such as narcotics, alcohol, gambling materials, and religious content. Medical goods need local health authority permits, while cultural items require export certificates. DG must comply with international and national regulations; non-compliance results in immediate rejection. Cargo is stored for up to 5 days, with fees applying after 24 hours. Required documents include an Air Waybill, Commercial Invoice, Certificate of Origin, and applicable health or DG certificates. Non-compliance may lead to penalties, confiscation, or operational bans.

 

These busiest cargo airports in the world not only boast impressive cargo handling capacities but also adhere to stringent regulations ensuring the safe and efficient transport of diverse goods. Just Aviation plays a crucial role in supporting these different types of air cargo operations, offering specialized services that optimize logistics, enhance security measures, and ensure compliance with international standards. Understanding the operational intricacies and regulatory landscapes of these key hubs is essential for Just Aviation to provide seamless support, helping businesses in the aviation sector meet the demands of a dynamic market.